Christlogical review of the movies Jesus Christ Superstar and Godspell Essay

Christlogical review of the movies Jesus Christ Superstar and Godspell - Essay Example In this book it was described â€Å"how the Christian church dares appeal to a Jesus who never existed, to a mandate he never issued, and to a claim that he was God’s son, whom he never presumed for himself†. As Christianity began to spread from its original home and started spreading beyond Judaism into the Hellenistic world of the great Roman Empire, the main challenge became finding a way to express its faith in the thought categories of the Greco-Roman world. Gradually, Hellenistic philosophy proved to be helpful in this context but at the same time it represented a threat as it was a language of a very different culture. The greatest challenge confronted by church at this time was to adopt a new philosophical culture without simply â€Å"Hellenizing† its faith (Rausch, â€Å"Who is Jesus?: An introduction to Christology†). Since the inception of cinema as a medium of art many great movies were made that relates historical Jesus with our daily life. Two such all time great movies are ‘Godspell’ and ‘Jesus Christ Superstar’, that to a great extent emerges as a true weapon for the quest of real and true historical Jesus behind the gospels and the doctrines of church. Cinema is a strong medium to reach a lot of people at once. This paper presents the discourse that Jesus is everyman and how the impact of this saint can be felt through these movies. The directors of the movies through their plot, character presentation and setting displays that by deviating biblical facts, they actually bring Jesus close to common man and thereby his magic can be felt more strongly which can be perceived through the Christological review of both the films. Released in 1973, the film ‘Godspell’ is based on the Off-Broadway musical Godspell of John Michael Tebelak. With the backdrop of modern New York along with its excellent star cast, the film received positive response both from critics as well as general

Organizational culture Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

Organizational culture - Dissertation Example The research also studied the past researches and studies on the subject. According to one study of global consulting firm, KPMG ( can be accessed at:http://www.imaa-institute.org/docs/m&a/kpmg_01_Unlocking%20Shareholder%20Value%20-%20The%20Keys%20to%20Success.pdf) (what is a KPMG Study?), 83% of all mergers and acquisitions failed to create shareholder value and 50% of them actually ended up destroying shareholder value. The majority of these mergers and acquisitions failed because of cultural and people differences. Kraft paid a very good price for the acquisition of Cadbury. It didn’t overpay and considering the worth of the Cadbury brand in its portfolio, it can be said that the deal was a very good bargain for Kraft. Kraft also believes that it will realize synergies or cost savings of $ 675 million annually by the end of the third year. It also wanted Cadbury because of its high market share in the high growth markets of emerging economies like India and Latin America. C adbury enjoys a strong presence in these markets because it entered these markets much before they started emerging. It enjoys a kind of first mover advantage in markets like India. (expand on this). According to the Boston Consulting Group Matrix analysis, Cadbury is a star in emerging markets like India and Latin America i.e. it has a high market share in a market that has a very high growth rate. The likelihood that this acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft will succeed is high. This likelihood will, however, depend on the ability of Kraft to achieve the most important critical factor of success which is the successful integration of the organizational culture of the two companies. The Human Resources... Kraft paid a very good price for the acquisition of Cadbury. It didn’t overpay and considering the worth of the Cadbury brand in its portfolio, it can be said that the deal was a very good bargain for Kraft.Kraft also believes that it will realize synergies or cost savings of $ 675 million annually by the end of the third year. It also wanted Cadbury because of its high market share in the high growth markets of emerging economies like India and Latin America. Cadbury enjoys a strong presence in these markets because it entered these markets much before they started emerging. It enjoys a kind of first mover advantage in markets like India. According to the Boston Consulting Group Matrix analysis, Cadbury is a star in emerging markets like India and Latin America.The likelihood that this acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft will succeed is high. This likelihood will, however, depend on the ability of Kraft to achieve the most important critical factor of success which is the success ful integration of the organizational culture of the two companies. The Human Resources Management will play a very critical role in this.As has been already recommended, the strategy of the management and Human Resources management should create such conditions where the two much different cultures of Cadbury and Kraft can productively coexist. Cadbury has a very strong organizational culture of its own. Any attempt by Kraft to impose its culture on this organizational culture of Cadbury may have disastrous results.

Role of a Customer Champion

Role of a Customer Champion Key role of marketing is to act as customer champion to the organization. There are two highlight points in this argument, one is if organizations have to act as customer champions among all the other orientations that they can choose, and the other one is if it is the role of marketers in each organization to be the customer champion between other alternative positions. Marketers roles in an organization Marketers role by the time: Pull/push method: Since 1950, marketing has been on a push/pull model that the manufacturer designs a product to fulfill a need and then persuades the customer to buy that product by advertisements, promotions and different kinds of distribution tactics. Customer-centricity: the next level of marketers role in organizations with more involvement of customers. Customer advocacy: a new era in marketing in which marketer is the customers advocate.(Urban, 2005) The marketers role has significantly changed during the past years, for example the development of social media, made the marketers role more strategic and complicated. Considering the history of business, it shows that marketing has played a role in even the simplest early businesses.(burrow, 2009) In marketing, there are metrics that relate to customer satisfaction: advocacy, loyalty, margin, market share and the rest. Marketers main jobs are creating a marketing plan that ensures the metrics are on the right track, and engaging and supporting everyone across the business to ensure delivery. In other words, their role is to create the future and deliver it today. We all know that marketing is about more than creating the advertisements. (Gooding, 2006) New products and services require marketing, in order to find and build relationships with different types of customers, to speak to them in an innovative way and sometimes reach them through different channels. Marketers have to connect with mass-market consumers and help them to imagine how this new product would enhance their life. It is not a small task. (Kelley, 2010) They should also be involved in product development, and since they are the closest to customers opinion, it is their responsibility to share new ideas to match the companys offer to the customers needs and wants. ( Asis, 2003)Most fundamentally, marketers must bring the outside-in perspective to balance, and often lead the inside-out aspects of business.(Fisk, 2006) Different approaches Product-orientation: the companys knowledge about its customers is often vague and general. The customers segmentation is not very precise, and since the company cannot predict the customers behavior accurately, the strategic objectives of the firm are also unclear.(Matheson, 2006) Customer-centricity: is the orientation of a company to the needs and behaviors of its customers, rather than the internal drivers, like quest for short-term profit. (Landy, 2010)From this basic strategic difference other different organizational features flow. These are the two extremes, but different strategies in every organization will result in different degrees of customer-centricity. Nokia is a good example of a hybrid structure of products and customers. It moved from a product-centric company to one that is still product-centric, but also has added a customer-centric component.(Galbraith, 2002) Knowing which type of marketing organization exists within a company is crucial. Every organization has to ensure that their type of marketing organization actually fits what the company is trying to do. (Mitchel, 2006) Market and customers changes Customers today are more different and individual, more intelligent and difficult than ever, while 100 years ago, a new car buyer would be more than happy to buy a Ford Model T, a model that hardly changed in decades, in any color as long as its black. (Fisk, 2006) Thanks to new media, Facebook, Twitter, Google, YouTube, eBay, Amazon and etc. customers now have an unlimited access to information about a company, its products, customer reviews, seller rating and almost whatever they want to know in no time. There are no time and place barriers any more. No matter where the customers are, they can buy from everywhere. Therefore the old methods of marketing are much less effective now customers can easily find competing products and compare them in order to find the best product at the lowest price. With the simple and visible star ratings, even they do not have to bother themselves reading through lots of comments.(Urban, 2005)So in such a market it is almost impossible to survive without transparency. Although among all these approaches in the 21st century customer-centricity is the most popular and successful one but there is an exceeding tactic with almost the same basic principals called customer champion. Definition of customer champion: Advocate for your customers and they will advocate for you. It is a two-way relationship between the company and its customers for a common benefit of both. (Urban, 2005)In very simple words they become a trusted resource and partner. They build trust and respect. Customer champions believe that when you focus on the relationship rather than the business, business will come. (OBrien, 2010). The whole concept is to motivate some changes in the organizations approach toward customer-centric strategy in order to meet new changes, in which customers are in power, they have various needs, their own independent means to research the market and more bargaining power. Also they are now more individualistic.(Fisk, 2006) This approach is mostly based on representing the customers interest by providing them complete and unbiased information, always be there for them and give them some advice on which product is the best, even with comparing with competitors. This kind of partnership leads to a long-term loyalty.( Urban, 2005) Besides having the skills in customer-centricity, using revolutionary tools to gain value from customer conversations is one of the must dos in order to be a customer champion. It can be achievable by seeing things through the eyes of the customers and serve them as a dedicated consultant. It sounds more like a slogan rather than a strategy, to bring the voice of the customer to the centre of the business, but by utilizing certain skills it will be possible.(Newby, 2010) By being transparent they have to tell the truth to the customer. Therefore considering the quality of the products or services becomes very important. They should be good -not necessarily the best- in quality to eventually win the customers and maintain them for a reasonably long time.(Urban, 2005) Why customer champion The markets change, the economy changes, customers change. If we are not in alignment with the voice of the customer, and if we are not nimble or humble enough to make the changes, we are not there.(Mainz, 2010) Successful examples in the market like Tesco, PG, IBM and lots of other businesses illustrate the effect of changing the organizations approach with the flow of the super quick changing market. Tesco is the market-leader supermarket in the UK, with a significant presence in Eastern Europe and South-east Asia. They think of marketing as looking after their customers. Actually their core purpose is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. They do this by responding to the different and constantly changing needs of all of their customers to deliver what they want, when they want. (Dibb and Simkin, 2006)And this is their secret for such a big success. In IBM even the bonuses are based on customer satisfaction. In addition to the fact that others experiences are promising, there is another reason for organizations that encourage them to go for being a customer champion and it is the image. Some companies believe that it can build brand image and customer loyalty and at the end it results in delight the customers and increase revenue. It can be a differentiation value for the organization in market.(Gunn, 2010) Marketers as customer champions Customer champions may have different jobs and responsibilities, but they share a common passion for the customer. Customer satisfaction and positive feedbacks are satisfying result for them.(Collins, 2009) The customer champion may live on the edge of the organization. By having a constant contact with the customers, they can understand their needs, become familiar with their actions and behaviors. (Kelley, 2010) The marketing people should take the lead in this way, because they are best placed to act as both the voice of the customer and an effective part of business plan. (Gooding, 2006) And also regarding to the nature of the marketing -mostly interaction and communication with customers- it makes more sense to think about marketers as the customer champions. Possible solutions As it is mentioned before the push/pull method has been the core of marketing for the past 50 years. Actually it was a solution to economics of mass production. But now with more powerful and wiser customers, the time pressure of the modern life and new technologies, this method does not work anymore. It may result in a short term winning in the sales but undoubtedly will end in losing the customers. They also can choose to continue with customer-centricity approach, which was urged by the saturation of push/pull marketing and also intense competitive market especially around quality and price. This is the approach of many leading companies in recent years. By emphasizing on customer satisfaction criteria, creating consistency in customer interactions, trying to satisfy the customer with higher quality products and with more customized services. They try to use one-to-one marketing and understand each customer and then deliver a consistent service to that customer. It seems an effective way and customers may like this one-to-one connection, but the problem is the huge amount of data, which companies are getting from CRM programs. (Urban, 2005)They keep receiving feedbacks from customers but most of the times they do not take these feedbacks into account for the upcoming steps. These feedbacks are data, and data is not information, information is not knowledge, and knowledge is no t insight. Insight is more profound.(Fisk, 2006) In fact considering the results, for most of the companies, CRM is just an improved way of pull/push marketing. As mentioned above The third way that they can follow is customer advocacy approach, being a loyal representative of customers interests and provide them with open, honest and thorough information. They have to simply reflect the reality, because customers now have the ability to find out the truth. (Urban, 2005) Conclusion Accepting this concept as a leading approach in the organization and the translation of customer champion from words to action is a tricky job; it requires lots of care, knowledge and skills. It also needs a crystal clear visioning. As technology advances and consumers become more knowledgeable, selling a product will increasingly demand a well-defined target segment and thorough understanding of customer needs, interests and frustrations. And it just can be achieved by the relationship, which is defined as customer champions.(Fisk, 2006) The point is that marketers as a customer champion would result in satisfied customers but not necessarily every happy customer is a result of a customer advocate marketer. Customer advocacy is the right way to do marketing; it is honest, open, and ethical. It can be a difficult decision to make as well, since it may result in short-term losses. But by committing to customers this approach is an easy and long-term decision; in long-term perspective businesses in the front line are the winners. Customers trust them and it will be very difficult for the competitors to change the customers mind and persuade them to switch to a new manufacturer. (Urban, 2005) By taking this approach, based on the information that companies can get from the customers, products and services will improve. As a result sales will increase and the company can produce more efficiently and costs can decline. But the problem is how to use this knowledge.(Burrow, 2008) I think in todays extremely competitive market, organizations cannot just compete on price and product. They have to deliver a great customer experience and build an extra ordinary trust among customers. The penalty for not doing so is greater than ever since consumers will complain on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter.(Caballero, 2009) It is the matter of how to implement it. By doing it correctly, the organizations can gain huge opportunities that competitors can never touch.

Essay --

First Aid is the initial care for an illness or injury. First Aid is usually performed in emergency situations by a non-professional person. First Aid can be performed on animals although it is generally meant for the care of humans. Going back to the beginning of the practice of First Aid, it was first practiced by the religious knights in the Eleventh Century. Care was provided to the Pilgrims and Knights as well as training on how to care for common battle wounds. Aid came to a halt during the High Middle Ages and organizations were not seen again until 1859. A few years later, a few nations met in Geneva and formed what we know to be the Red Cross. The main purpose of the Red Cross was to give Aid to the sick and wounded soldiers during battle. In 1878, the formation of St. John Ambulance was put into effect. The ambulance was generally for aid to people in emergencies. Large railway centers, mining districts and police forces were the first to pair with ambulances. A lso in 1878 the concept of teaching First Aid to civilians was announced. Surgeon-Major Peter Shepherd and Dr. Coleman performed the first First Aid class with a curriculum that they had formed. First Aid training began to grow in the UK with high risk activities. There are three major aims of First Aid. The first major aim is obviously to preserve a person’s life. Throughout medical care institutions, the main aim is to save lives and minimize the threat of death. The second major aim of First Aid is to prevent further harm to patients. The aim is to keep the injury from worsening. An example of this would be applying pressure to a wound to stop bleeding from becoming dangerous. The third and final major aim of First Aid is to promote reco... ...ause it can cause harm to the infant’s lungs. If an infant requires shock, one pad goes on the front and one pad goes on the back. You should keep performing CPR until EMS arrives. If you begin CPR you cannot quit until they arrive, you have already committed to that victim. In some situations with and AED you need to take precautions to make them work properly. If a person is very sweaty or wet, you need to wipe them off because the AED will not work properly. If a person has a hairy chest, you should apply pads and rip the hair off and then apply new pads. Some people have chest piercings now so if you notice these you should remove them or leave them in if you cannot remove them or you do not have enough time. Piercings in the chest can cause a person’s chest to be burned severely since the AED is delivering an electric shock and the jewelry is metal.

Power-Influence Approach

The power-influence approach in studying leadership examines the influences leaders exert over others, whether these individuals are subordinates, colleagues, or even the leader’s manager. Yuki (2010) writes, â€Å"This research seeks to explain leadership effectiveness in terms of the amount and type of power possessed by a leader and how power is exercised† (p. 14). Power-influence leadership assumes the cause and effect relationship between leaders and followers only flows from management to subordinate (Yuki, 2010, p. 14).For example, a manager instructs his employee to pay an invoice, and the employee does as told, or employees attend an ethics seminar because the executives mandate it. Exercising power-influence can ensure adherence to internal policies like safety, dress codes, and hours of employment. It can also ensure adherence to federal laws like the provisions in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The power-influence leadership approach enables a leader to influence t he behaviors and attitudes of followers (Yuki, 2010, p. 14). It is effective in managing and accomplishing tasks as a leader gives instructions that other follow.Power-influence can sway people’s thoughts and opinions, which can be beneficial in terms of innovative ideas and more efficient methods of operations. It is especially effective for those who resist change even if it will lead to progress. The power-influence method of leadership has its drawbacks as well. Some individuals use force and intimidation to accomplish certain objectives. They may use their title or position to pressure others to comply, and even though employees may obey at first, such coercion eventually leads to resistance and the undermining of authority (Alyn, 2009).For example, a manager may tell a direct report that if he does not complete a given stack of work, his quarterly review will reflect it. This is a drastic example of the negative effect of power-influence, but it does well to demonstrate how a manager can use coercion as a source of â€Å"motivation. † Using power to accomplish activities in an organization is a common practice among managers and executives. In fact, prior to 2011, management at Jack in the Box, Inc. depended on the power-influence approach to complete objectives.The organization believed employees required specific instruction, so management influenced subordinates and coworkers through the use of power. It is important to note that few individuals abused this power, but as the nature of the business changed, so did its leadership approach.In 2011, the executives of Jack in the Box worked to change the company’s culture from one of power to one that focused on individual roles, achievements, and support. Management encouraged employees to share ideas, to question and challenge methods of operation, and to take initiative and responsibility for one’s work.The â€Å"you do what I say† mentality was not the attitude the ex ecutives wanted management to express or employees to feel. Instead, the company wanted to nurture leaders to make the organization stronger and more cohesive.Power and one-directional instruction from management to subordinates prevented innovative opportunities and fresher ways of thinking, which ultimately inhibited the company’s possibilities. The new culture placed management and direct reports on more level ground, and the open communication instilled trust and a sense of unity among employees of all levels.The power-influence approach in studying leadership examines the role that power plays in influencing others’ actions, attitudes, and beliefs. Its use can have both positive and negative effects in the workplace, depending on the leader’s intentions.â€Å"Power is viewed as important not only for influencing subordinates, but also for influencing peers, superiors, and people outside the organization, such as clients and suppliers† (Yuki, 2010, p. 14). It is important for leaders to remember that others look to them for instruction, inspiration, and direction. With such power come certain responsibilities and expectations not to abuse it.

Bio 101 Review Questions

Review Questions 1. The organic molecule produced directly by photosynthesis is b) sugar 2. The photosynthetic process removes E) carbon dioxide from the environment. 3. The process of splitting water to release hydrogen and electrons occurs during the _____ process. a) light dependent 4. The process of fixing carbon dioxide into carbohydrates occurs in the ____ process. b) light independent. 5. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through b) stomata. 6. The cellular transport process by which carbon dioxide enters a leaf (and by which water vapor and oxygen exit) is ___. ) Diffusion 7. Which of the following creatures would not be an autotroph? c) fish 8. The process by which most of the world's autotrophs make their food is known as ____. b) Photosynthesis 9. The process of ___ is how ADP + P are converted into ATP during the Light dependent process. c) chemiosmosis 10. Once ATP is converted into ADP + P, it must be ____. b) recharged by chemiosmosis 11. Generally speaking, the longer th e wave lenght of light, the ___ available energy of that light. a) smaller 12.The section of the electromagnetic spectrum used for photosynthesis is ___. d) visible light 13. The colors of light in the visible range (from longest wavelength to shortest) is ___. a) ROYGBIV 14. The photosynthetic pigment that is essential for the process to occur is ___. a) chlorophyll 15. When a pigment reflects red light, _____. d) red light is reflected, all others are absorbed 16. Chlorophyll a absorbs light energy in the ____color range. e) b and c 17. A photosystem is ___. b) a collection of photosynthetic pigments arranged in a thylakjoid membrane. 8. The individual flattened stacks of membrane material inside the chloroplast are known as ___. c) thylakoids. 19. The fluid-filled area of the chloroplast is the ___. b) stroma 20. The chloroplast contains all of these except ___. e) endoplasmic reticulum 21. The chloroplasts of plants are most close in size to __. d) bacteria in the human mouth 22 . Which of these photosynthetic organisms does not have a chloroplast? c) cyanobacteria 23. The photoelectric effect refers to ____. c) emission of electrons from a metal when struck by any wavelength of light. 24.Light of the green wavelengths is commonly absorbed by which accessory pigment? b) chlorophyll b 25. The function of the electron transport proteins in the thyakoid membranes is ___. c) Pumping of hydrogen into the thylakoid space for later generation of ATP by chemiosmosis. 26. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell because ____. a) ATP is the most readily usable form of energy for cells. 27. Both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation produce ATP. We can infer that the purpose of ATP in photosynthesis is to c) supply energy that can be used to form a carbohydrate. 8. The role of NADPH in oxygen-producing photosynthesis is to ____. b) supply carbon to the carbohydrate 29. The dark reactions require all of these chemicals to proceed except ___. e) oxygen 30. Th e first stable chemical formed by the Calvin Cycle is _____. c ) PGA 31. The hydrogen in the carbohydrate produced by the Calvin Cycle comes from ___ b) NADPH 32. The carbon incorporated into the carbohydrate comes from ___. c) carbon dioxide 33. C-4 photosynthesis is so named because _____. b) it produces a four carbon compound as the first stable products of photosynthesis.