Does Wearing School Uniform Have An Influence On Student...

Research Question: Does wearing school uniform have an influence on student’s behaviour? Review of Literature: The debate regarding whether the students should have to wear school uniform has been prevalent for many years. For example, some people insist that wearing uniform can really make a difference in a student’s academic performance, while others do not. There are still a lot school boards and parents arguing about it. Wearing school uniform has its advantages and disadvantages, but the point is that it has influence on students in many ways. No studies have made it clear yet how wearing uniforms could affect students, but there are diverse opinions by experts. According to a Long Beach Superintendent, having wearing uniform policy decreased school criminal activities by thirty-six percent, school violence by fifty-one percent, and vandalism to the school dropped eighteen percent (Constitutional Rights Foundation, n.d). California’s Long Beach unified school district also found out that after they introduced uniform policy in 1994, the crime rates dropped by seventy-six percent and attendance ratings have never been higher. However, it doesn’t prove that the uniforms led to these declines. There are many other reasons that may affect these problems (Svensen, n.d.). On the other opposing side, Tony Volk an associate professor Brock University researcher who has done research on bullying, insists that there is no evidence for the decline in bullying due to schoolShow MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms : Restrictive Or Resourceful?1502 Words   |  7 PagesComposition 1 29 November 2015 School Uniforms: Restrictive or Resourceful? Much controversy has surrounded the issue of school uniforms. Many feel as though uniformity in dress increases discipline and order within the school, while others feel that this uniformity is restrictive of creativity. However, some students’ version of creativity in clothing is just simply inappropriate for school attire. The growing trend toward provocative clothing is a big concern of many school administrators and teachersRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Not Be Banned1440 Words   |  6 PagesSchool uniforms began in the sixteenth century. England was the first to use school uniforms. The uniforms were for the poor children attending charity schools to distinguish them from the other students. Three hundred years later, better English schools were making the students wear school uniforms. The controversy for school uniforms in American schools began in the nineteen eighties (â€Å"History†, n.d.). Although school uniforms were found in private schools, in ninetee n eighty seven the first publicRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Education1657 Words   |  7 Pagesvastly improved the way school administrators and parents are educating their children, but this type of advancement came with some risks. The influences of social media and the need to â€Å"keep up with the jones†, amongst other things, has caused our educational environment to changed drastically. A growing body of research indicates that positive school climate is associated with, and predicative of, academic achievement, school success, effective violence prevention, students’ healthy development,Read MoreEffectiveness And Use Of School Uniforms1140 Words   |  5 Pagesof Uniform in Schools Nyi Nyi A. Myin Wingate University  The Effectiveness And Use of Uniform in Schools The discussion regarding the purpose of schools uniforms among parents and school administrators have increased in the last few years. The debate on whether school uniforms affect students’ performance have challenged also. School uniforms are often seen as unstylish and unattractive due to lack of design and color scheme. The use of school uniforms are used to aid students’ behavior, performanceRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of School Uniforms2630 Words   |  11 PagesHead: SCHOOL UNIFORMSSolis 1Final PaperDylan SolisEnglish 102 SCHOOL UNIFORMSSolis 2The first record of school uniforms in education have been around England since 1222 (â€Å"Should Students,† 2016). But, the origin of school uniforms can be traced back to the sixteenth century. School uniforms back then weren’t as seen as in today’s society. Back then wearing robes compared to a tucked in polo shirt with dress pants were considered school uniforms. The difference with wearing school uniforms back thenRead MoreShould School Dress Code Be Enforced? Public Schools?1285 Words   |  6 Pages To some, arguing over student dress code seems trivial and useless. To others, it goes deeper than that. Dress code might seem like the typical â€Å"first world problem†, but to the average high school student, gaining the freedom ‘no dress code’ grants is incredible. The fact of the matter is, the rigid enforcement of student dress code has gone too far in today s society and dehumanizes us as citizens. Although s chool dress code attempts to promote modesty and protection, it also reinforces genderRead MoreShould School Uniforms Be Banned?2190 Words   |  9 Pagespeople have different views on whether or not students should have to wear school uniforms. There are many different reasons why students should and shouldn’t have to wear them. Whether it be in favor them due to less bullying, less pressure on what to wear in the morning, lower cost, less violence, the ability to recycle the uniforms, or the ability to prepare students for the real world. The people against them feel that they take away from the ability to freely express yourself, uniforms costRead MoreGender Discrimination And Its Effects On Children s Behavior And Personality1508 Words   |  7 PagesMost people have either experienced or seen sexual discrimination in the learning environment. This is because schools are teaching sexism in classes through textbooks that do not give historical female figures enough cr edit for their accomplishments, dress codes that punish girls for their body’s at the risk of the male education, and gender stereotypes placed in schools that have a strong influence on children s behavior and personality. Some may argue against this claim by arguing that womenRead MoreSchool Dress Codes: Good or Restraining? Essays2330 Words   |  10 PagesSchool Dress Codes Final Paper As the society that we live in today grows and becomes more accepting of the different ways people act, groom, and dress, we look to expand the policies we have in place in our schools regarding the ways our students are allowed to present themselves in the classroom. Each different school has their own dress code that they expect their students to follow. Most private schools require that students wear a uniform to school they also have regulations on what type ofRead MoreHow Media Influence the Dress Up of College Students3285 Words   |  14 Pagesresult recommend to the School that my enrolment in the Programme he discontinued. Signature: HOW MEDIA INFLUENCE THE DRESS UP OF COLLEGE STUDENTS Lim Yoke Theng Faculty of Liberal Art INTI University College, Malaysia ABSTRACT This article presents a minor research examining the effects of how media influence the dress codes of college students. The results suggest that the students’ dress code are neutral under influential of media, by the way the students admitted there is an

Exploring The Power And Purpose Behind Choice Writing

Topic Title: Exploring the Power and Purpose Behind Choice Writing in Kindergarten 2. WHY: Post Title: Working With Young Writers: Examining Best Practices Message: Kids using the Writing Workshop approach learn and refine specific skills they apply during independent workshop time. When teaching to support and develop independent writers, we want kids to build enduring connections that they can apply when they write†¦beyond the workshop. We want them to own understandings of conventions and the potential of written text and use their skills when writing to communicate and think. Self-selected and self-driven writing opportunities create the space for this sort of application. Research shows that skills taught, practiced, and tested in†¦show more content†¦CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.K.2.A Capitalize the first word in a sentence and the pronoun I CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.K.2.B Recognize and name end punctuation. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.K.2.C Write a letter or letters for most consonant and short-vowel sounds (phonemes). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.K.2.D Spell simple words phonetically, drawing on knowledge of sound-letter relationships. ISTE Standards: Students use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. Interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, experts, or others employing a variety of digital environments and media Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats Students demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology. Apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes Create original works as a means of personal or group expression 3. What: Inviting kids to write during choice time and spare moments Message: Young students in the classroom can use their choice time/free time to write, paint, and design. Many students choose to write about thematic studies, others gravitate toward journal writing, and some want to capture moments from field trips or retell favorite pieces

Scientific Method

Question: Describe aboutthe specified linking between obesity and social jetlag. Answer: Introduction The research article is based on the Dunedin Study, which was published in the International Journal of Obesity. The journal has been describing the specified linking between obesity and social jetlag. The social jetlag is defining the diversified sleeping patterns during the workdays and the weekends (Arora and Taheri 2015). The article is sequentially outlining such relationship between the social jetlag and the different types of the diseases that caused due to the obesity. The person who is affected with severe form of obesity usually faces the disease related to the metabolic disorder, diabetes, and inflammation. The hypothetical value described in this article is based on the regular disruption about the patters of sleep. The difference between the sleeping patterns in work days and weekends has been structured. The explanation of the researcher in this article is somewhat creating the harmful effects on the metabolism. As per the article, it has been seen that many of the workers were found with the different types of sleeping styles during the work days and weekends. The duration between the free days and the working days is considered as metabolic unhealthy due to the little fraction between these two timings (Arora and Taheri 2015). However, the study fails to prove the lie-ins that are created due to the obesity related diseases. The journal highlights the sleeping patterns and health simultaneously. In considering such study, the fact can be accepted that due to obesity, people like to lie more in a resting manner. However, the study includes the limitation regarding the explanation ab out the diseases that are affecting the health. Method The article is featuring the cross sectional analysis of a cohort study, which attempts to focus on the clear association between the metabolic markers and obesity. This association is somewhat trying to identify the diseases that are caused due to obesity and social jet lag. The research involves 815 non-shift workers who participated in an ongoing health care programme, which was famous as Dunedin Longitudinal Study. These participants were born between 1972 and 1973 for investigating the bondage between behaviour and health. The people of 38 years of ages were asked to fill a survey form that was filled up with the questions related to the sleep duration, social jet lag, and chronotype. In this research the measurement of social jet lag was performed by subtracting each persons midpoint of sleep during working days and from the free days (Parsons et al. 2015). Therefore, if a person slept from 12 am to 8am during the workdays, the midpoint should be 4am in this case (Parsons et al . 2015). Similarly, if the person slept from 1am to 11am during the free days, the midpoint was 6am in such case. Hence, the social jet lag would differentiate for 2hours. Result In considering the basic result extracted from the research method is indicating the association of social jet lag with the numerous metabolic dysfunctions as well as obesity. Hence, the higher rate of the social lag jet is leading towards metabolic unhealthy obesity. The obese individuals of metabolic unhealthy is somewhat liked with the high blood levels of CRP, which is an indicator of inflammation and glycated haemoglobin (Rutters et al. 2014). It has been seen that individuals with higher score if social jet lag is indicating the odd ratio of 1.2% whereas the 95% of confidence interval (CI) is signifying the rate 1.0 to 1.5. In such cases, the risks will be increased. The researcher interpreted the result by referring the consistent possibilities (Knutsson 2003). The researcher even discussed different types of sleeping patterns between two hours. It marks the BMI rate and considers the biomarkers. The socioeconomic status and effects of smoking are also taken into account to ad dress the consequences. The article reflects the linear regression based on the continuous outcomes derived from BMI (Body Mass Index) or the waist circumference or fat mass. Similarly, the logistic regression highlights the outcomes of dichotomous aspects, which is mainly based in the syndrome of metabolism and obesity. The article also provides the idea of the variable analysis based on social jetlag. The first model (model 1) is featuring the controls for sleep duration, social jetlag, and chronotype whereas model 2 is adding the covariant for smoking. Hence, it can be interpreted that the formulation of the social jetlag is not only influenced by the working hours, also by smoking level. Similarly, the model 3 describes the covariant of model 2. As per the article review, it can be inferred that the researcher has assessed the violations of linearity, homoscedasticity, and visual inspections of histograms. It is to be indicated that P value depends on the efficiency of the variables that has the string influence on the subject matter. The article includes different inflation rates, which determine the exact issue faced by the people. The covariant in the model 3 is classified into different segments. The inflation rate of social jetlag is 1.34, sleep duration is 1.04, and current smoking is 1.20. Therefore, the influence of the social jetlag is much foreseen. This is an appropriate statistical test that has been interpreting the effects of the social jetlag. Since, the discussion is based on the variables related to the obesity and social jetlags, this particular statistical form is indicating the P value. The analysis of the P value along with the visual inspection is determining the discussion based on the subject matter. Conclusion The research has been conducted among 815 non-shift workers. The research study has been much analysing the difference in sleeping patterns of the people in their working days and free days. These patterns are associated with the metabolic unhealthy nature and obesity. The study also defines the analytical formulation through the statistical data exploration. However, this cross-sectional study has the proper limitation as well. This cross sectional study has been reflecting the sleep patterns and health simultaneously. On the other hand, the study fails to prove the regular lie-ins, which are creating the severe form of obesity related diseases. Many of the underlying factors have been influencing the apparent relationship between the metabolic makers and obesity. The limitation of the statistical analysis is that this process does not include diet chart of the people in depending on their exercise level. However, in keeping concentration on the statistical analysis, the researcher cannot recommend to eliminate lie-ins. Moreover, it would be better if the employees will be offered with flexible hours to work. In such cases, the staffs would be able to synchronise their week days with the days in weekends. The improvement in the lie-ins would be highlighted more specifically. References Arora, T. and Taheri, S., 2015. Associations among late chronotype, body mass index and dietary behaviors in young adolescents.International Journal of Obesity,39(1), pp.39-44. Knutsson, A., 2003. Health disorders of shift workers.Occupational medicine,53(2), pp.103-108. Parsons, M.J., Moffitt, T.E., Gregory, A.M., Goldman-Mellor, S., Nolan, P.M., Poulton, R. and Caspi, A., 2015. Social jetlag, obesity and metabolic disorder: investigation in a cohort study.International Journal of Obesity,39(5), pp.842-848. Rutters, F., Lemmens, S.G., Adam, T.C., Bremmer, M.A., Elders, P.J., Nijpels, G. and Dekker, J.M., 2014. Is social jetlag associated with an adverse endocrine, behavioral, and cardiovascular risk profile?.Journal of biological rhythms.

The Works of Auguste Rodin free essay sample

This paper examines the contributions of Auguste Rodin to the world of art including his pieces The Man with the Broken Nose, The Thinker, Adam and Eve and The Inner Voice. This paper discusses the many works of art by the French sculptor, Auguste Rodin. The author gives a brief biography of his contributions and feels that Rodin was responsible for the resurgence of the popularity of sculpture as an art form. According to this paper, the one common thread among all of his works was the realistic nature of his sculptures and the care he took in preserving this in all of his works. The Kiss is another work created for The Gates of Hell project. The statue depicts Paolo and Fransesco, two lovers from Dantes The Inferno, who exchanged a stolen kiss and were seen and stabbed. The Kiss depicts the lovers and this first kiss. The Kiss was originally in bronze but later had copies made in marble, with three of the statues existing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Works of Auguste Rodin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ugolino is a bronze statue depicting Ugolino della Gherardesca, a character in Dantes The Inferno. Ugolino was imprisoned in the Tower of Hunger with his children. Ugolino saw his children die of hunger and then ate their flesh before dying himself. The sculpture depicts Ugolino crawling over his children just after their death.

Abortion misc4 essays

Abortion misc4 essays Asian Crisis The crisis began in Thailand in July 1997 and spread to Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia, then to Hong Kong, Korea and Japan. Financial systems in Thailand, Korea and Japan all came under intense strain, but nowhere as destructively as in Indonesia, which by early 1998 had become the worst-affected victim. The 1997 Asian financial meltdown began in Thailand on July 2 after the collapse in late June of 16 finance companies alerted investors to the strains on the financial system. After surging ahead in the mid 90s Thai exports had shrunk in 1996. The government was shaky, economic growth was slowing, and there had already been two speculative attacks on the currency. By July 1997 money market traders believed the government could be forced to abandon its pledge to link the Thai baht to the US dollar. Malaysia was not as badly hit by the currency crisis as Thailand, Indonesia or South Korea. Mahathir's complaints helped bolster his political support at home but unde rmined his nation's credibility with the outside world. Hong Kong remained almost untouched by the Asian turmoil until a massive selloff of its sharemarket in the week of 20 October, a trauma that brought home to the world that the crisis would not be isolated to Southeast Asia. The dive in the market was driven by fears of a downturn in the Hong Kong economy and the prospect it would abandon the peg between the Hong Kong and US dollars. In the background was a deeper concern, that financial strife in Hong Kong could have profound effects on China. China had been the darling of Western investors for several years, and huge projects will be under threat if the Chinese economy strikes trouble. China is partially insulated from the turmoil because its own financial markets are rigidly controlled. But its banks are similarly overburdened with debt and its exports at risk from a worldwide slowdown in demand. ...

The Many Faces of Run

The Many Faces of Run The Many Faces of Run The Many Faces of Run By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked about the correct use of the words run vs. ran. Run is one of those words that can be either a noun or a verb. As a verb, the principal parts of run are: run, ran, (have) run. Today I run. Yesterday I ran. I have run for twenty minutes. NOTE: In some dialects run is used instead of ran as simple past form: He run out of the cafà © in a hurry. In my part of the country I often hear ran used instead of run for the past participle: I have ran three miles. Merriam-Webster offers an interesting historical observation: The past tense run still survives in speech in southern England and in the speech especially of older people in some parts of the United States. It was formerly used in literature, and was a standard variant in our dictionaries from 1828 until 1934. In 2009, the standard forms are run/ran/(have)run. The verb run has numerous meanings. Here are only a few: move faster than walking The children ran all the way home. operate My father has run the family business for fifty years. be in charge of Miss Jones runs the secretarial pool. seek office Ralph Nader has run for President several times. flee The indicted murderer skipped bail and ran. go back and forth This bus runs from here to the airport every two hours. to thread or penetrate The electrician ran a wire from the kitchen to the basement. His helper ran a splinter into his thumb. to publish The Gazette ran my sons story in the early edition. As a noun run has plenty of meanings as well. Here are a few: the act of running He went for a three mile run. a score in baseball How many runs does our team have so far? a term in football Tommy scored a 10-yard run. a sustained effort Hes making another run for the White House. a unit of production This is the books first run. a series of something Hes had a run of unfortunate relationships. The Mousetrap had a very long run in London. Weve had a run of bad weather. excessive withdrawals Economic turmoil led to a run on banks. normal kind These are not the usual run of first graders. freedom of movement We give our cats the run of the house. an enclosure for animals The dogs stay in the run. a flaw in knitted fabric These stockings have too many runs in them. Idioms with run to have the runs experience diarrhea to run around be sexually promiscuous to run around with associate with to run across discover by chance to run after seek someones company to run a tight ship manage strictly to run circles around demonstrate superiority to run interference for smooth the way for another person run-off 1. rain water (and other precipitation) drained by creeks and rivers 2. an election subsequent to a principal election in which no winner could be determined run of the mill ordinary runaround deceptive, evasive treatment of one person by another (When I asked about layoffs, the boss gave me the runaround (i.e., he did not provide a direct answer). on the run evading and hiding from pursuers Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageWriting the Century15 Idioms for Periods of Time

Dust exposure and respiratory symptoms among cement factory workers in Assignment

Dust exposure and respiratory symptoms among cement factory workers in the United arab emirates - Assignment Example They then compared the estimated amount to the limit of exposure. They then used the information to determine the respiratory symptoms occurrence among those that are exposed and compare to those that are not exposed to the dust. The information collected was used by Ahmed & Abdullah (2012) to evaluate the details in relation to the use of necessary equipment for respiratory infection protection. The hypothesis of the study is that; the dust level of the factory is low and the same can be said to the level of exposure among the workers thus there are no prevalence difference among the exposed subjects and the non-exposed ones. The importance of the study was that it helped in the determination of the level of United Arab Emirates cement factories’ workers exposure to dust. The data collected was therefore used to determine if the cement factories in the United Arab Emirates have increased the rate of respiratory infections among the workers. It also looked at the use of the protection gears as the mitigation measure and the effects that it has caused (Ahmed & Abdullah, 2012). Cement manufacturing has several processes that include mining, raw material grinding and crashing, kiln burning and blending for clinker formation, milling of cement and packaging. During this processes, there is an emanation of dust thus making the workers exposed to it. There are several researchers that have linked the occupational exposure that is chronic to the chronic respiratory infections among workers exposed. The signs and symptoms of these infections include sputum, coughing, dyspenia and alteration of the indices of pulmonary functioning. This is contrary to the findings of some of the researchers that most of the respiratory symptoms between most of the unexposed and exposed workers have difference that is not significant (Ahmed & Abdullah, 2012). The hypothesis was tested at one of the United Arab Emirates factories. The selected factory had never been sampled

Wu zholiu's orphan of asia and taiwanese students studying in japan Essay - 1

Wu zholiu's orphan of asia and taiwanese students studying in japan - Essay Example ndaries of history and literature and through a discussion of comparison between Taiwanese and Japanese literature try to understand the effect that history has on literature. Orphan of Asia was written by a writer facing the crisis of identity that was just as common to any other Taiwanese. The book was written during 1943, two years before Taiwan attained independence. The book belongs to the period when Taiwan was a colonized country, and it generates just as much empathy for Taiwan as a literary work describing Hiroshima and Nagasaki event would generate. Belonging to a period when Taiwan, Japan, and China indicate much more openness in their relationships, the literary work forces its readers to think about human nature and their unending quest to gain power. The literary works also lay before us the option of choosing a peaceful and non-discriminatory path in contrast to the one that leads to capturing power (or rather power capturing us). The work also indicates how different people can be within their own country. Some people prefer to remain loyal to the serving master and thus gain their master’s ‘blessings’ while other prefe r to do what’s right which often goes against the way of the master. However, the only thing binding the people is their nationality in the same way that the thread binding Westerners and Easterners is ‘being human’. Wu Zhouliu was born in 1900 and after completing his education in a kÃ… gakkÃ…  (public school), he went to Taipei Teachers College. Later he joined a kÃ… gakkÃ…  as a teacher but left the job because of discrimination against Taiwanese. He went to China and became a reporter for a newspaper, he was afraid to come back to Taiwan as the Japanese officials suspected him. However, during the Pacific wars he had to return to Taiwan, as he feared Chinese wrath. He was not able to live peacefully as long as Japan continued its colonization. He died in 1976, because of a serious cold condition, at the age

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colonies Essay Example for Free

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colonies Essay The Reformation was the driving force behind English Catholic dissenters, many of which would eventually form the base of groups heading for new lands to find religious freedom. These people would come to be called Puritans and their goal was to purify the Church of England. They wanted to do away with the â€Å"offensive† features such as Church hierarchy and traditional rituals of Catholic worship in order to promote a relationship between the individual and his relationship with God. Through English rulers King Henry the VIII to Elisabeth I to King James, the Puritans never really found a strong foothold for their practices. When King James’ son, Charles I came into power, a ruler that was strongly anti-Puritan and enforced conformity to the Church of England, Puritans began making plans to escape the persecution in England for the new world where they hoped to build new colonies to practice their faiths. Two of these groups, one to land at Plymouth and another to arrive at Massachusetts Bay, were prime examples of Puritans seeking to find a new life outside of England (or more specifically, the Church of England. Not surprisingly, religious beliefs are one area where both colonies share a few similarities, but exhibit greater differences. Both groups left England because of their dissatisfaction in the Church; however Plymouth’s inhabitants held a more extreme mindset than the Massachusetts Bay colonists. After a stint in Holland, where they first tried to live in accordance with their beliefs, they went on to America and came to be known as Separatists, due to their belief that the Church of England was hopelessly corrupt and they wanted no part of it. The Separatists sought to withdraw entirely from the Church, where they could start new, better protect their children’s relationships with God, and preserve their community the way they saw fit. Bradford, governor of Plymouth, and author of â€Å"History of Plymouth Plantation† writes about the religious turmoil and division of beliefs he experienced: â€Å"The one side labored to have the right worship of God discipline of Christ established in the Church, according to simplicity of gospel, without the mixture of mens inventions†. Bradford continues on for many pages, describing the persecution reformers experienced and how strongly he felt that the men involved with protecting the ways of the Church of England were being influenced by the devil. Massachusetts Bay colonists, on the other hand, still believed the Church of England had hope for reformation and they set out to provide an example in the new world to show what that reformation could look like. In this â€Å"ideal† community, colonists would form separate congregations (groups who worship together) and devote themselves to Puritan doctrines. Guided by ministers and members of the elect, they would live in harmony and glorify God. John Winthrop, the Governor of Massachusetts bay, speaks of this desire througout his written account; â€Å"†¦They (a fishing ship) brought us news of the Scots entering into England, and the calling of a parliament, and the hope of a thorough reformation, etc, whereupon some among us began to think of returning back to England† (Winthrop 19) His statement, although seemingly offhand, shows a continued interest in reforming the Church of England and his colony being the living proof of how that change can happen. Both Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth showed similarities and differences in more secular ways, also. Plymouth was a profoundly smaller community, starting with only 102 individuals made up of working class families. They were not wealthy, and hardly had the funding for an expedition to America, so they made an arrangement with the Virginia Company. They made a joint stock company, where English investors would provide the capital and the colonists would provide the labor for the next 7 years. Similarly, Massachusetts Bay also was involved with joint stock company – the Massachusetts Bay Company, where they too were granted a charter to settle in the new world and the company chose John Winthrop as governor. Massachusetts Bay Company was located in the colony, unlike Plymouth, where the Virginia Company was located in England. Massachusetts Bay colonists were larger in number when they settled, approximately 1200 immigrants came within months of each other, and they were generally wealthier and more educated than the Plymouth colonists. As we would expect, both colonies encountered Indians as they were trying to survive in their new surroundings, and these encounters were uneasy. Plymouth colony was in terrible shape, in the first winter they lost half their company and were weakened, sick, and starving. The colonists were able to forge a treaty with the Indians, after a few small skirmishes, and were eventually assisted by the native population. Squanto, an English speaking Wampanoag indian, served as a guide on how to survive and sustain by planting corn and fishing. Bradford writes â€Å"†¦they (as many were able) began to plant ther corne, in which servise Squanto stood them in great stead, showing them both y manner how to set it, and after how to dress and tend it. † (Bradford 100). The colonists existed in relative peace with the Indians, likely also because they were such a small community and posed little threat. Massachusetts Bay, on the other hand, was a much larger group and had difficulty keeping the peace with local Indians. At first, they didn’t encounter many, due in part to an epidemic that had nearly wiped out the local Indian population. Eventually, however, as Massachusetts Bay began to grow and become more established, they needed to expand their territory. This expansion caused more tension between Indians and the Puritans, eventually leading to warfare. William Bradford described the destruction by fire of the Pequots major village, in which at least 300 Indians were burned to death: Those that escaped from the fire were slain with the sword; some hewed to pieces, others run threw with their rapiers. It was a fearful sight to see them thus frying in the fier, and the streams of blood quenching the same. Both colonies shared similar characteristics and experienced similar distresses. They each dealt with various ailments, hunger, death, tensions with Indian relations and landownership, but with all their shared experiences they were still very different groups. Plymouth, smaller and less educated, funded by the Virginia Company located in England, tried to separate themselves from the Church of England altogether. They survived with the help of Indians, but never really thrived and eventually were absorbed by the much larger Massachusetts Bay colony. Massachusetts Bay was created and inhabited by individuals with overall greater wealth and knowledge, supported by the locally based Massachusetts Bay Company. They set out to be an example of how England, religiously, should behave. As they expanded, they fought with the local Indian population, eventually driving them out of the lands the growing English population needed to settle.

Brain Tissue Oxygenation Monitoring System and Subsequent Nursing Inter

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2010), approximately 1.7 million individuals are diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Within the medical and allied health care professions, various definitions are utilized to define what constitutes a TBI (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007). Despite such various definitions, a TBI essentially describes any form of trauma directed at the brain and its surrounding anatomical structures (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007). As with most injuries, a TBI is graded as mild, moderate, or severe; however, in contrast to most severe injuries, a severe TBI can detrimentally affect an individual’s motor and cognitive functioning (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007; CDC, 2010). Children and adolescents sustain approximately half of all diagnosed traumatic brain injuries (CDC, 2010). According to a literature review study conducted by registered nurse, Abelson-Mitchell (2007), adolescents, between 15 to 18 years of age, are the most vulnerable of obtaining a TBI. Such vulnerability has been linked to the continued development of the brain and the number of associated motor vehicle accidents and sport-related injuries (CDC, 2010). Within the last 20 years, the number of adolescents participating in high school sports has dramatically increased (Kerr, Collins, Fields, & Cornstock, 2010). Subsequently, the level of competition within high school sports has considerably increased as well, further causing a rise in aggression and physical contact among these young athletes (Kerr, Collins, Fields, & Cornstock, 2010). This exemplified culture surrounding high school athletics coupled with the developing brain of an adolescent, places high school athletes at an extremely high risk of sustaining a sever... ...2008). Management of traumatic brain injury: Nursing practice guidelines for cerebral perfusion and brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2) system. Pediatric Nursing, 34, 470—472. Ignatavicius, D. D., & Workman, L. M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care. Missouri: Saunders Elsevier. Kerr, Z. Y., Collins, C. L., Fields, S. K., & Cornstock, R. D. (2010). Epidemiology of player— Player contact injuries among US high school athletes, 2005—2009. Clinical Pediatrics, 50, 594—603. doi: 10.1177/0009922810390513. McNett, M. M., & Gianakis, A. (2010). Nursing interventions for critically ill traumatic brain injury patients. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 42, 71—77. Noble, K. A. (2010). Traumatic brain injury and increased intracranial pressure. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 25, 242—250. doi: 10.1016.j.jopan.2010.05.008. Brain Tissue Oxygenation Monitoring System and Subsequent Nursing Inter According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2010), approximately 1.7 million individuals are diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Within the medical and allied health care professions, various definitions are utilized to define what constitutes a TBI (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007). Despite such various definitions, a TBI essentially describes any form of trauma directed at the brain and its surrounding anatomical structures (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007). As with most injuries, a TBI is graded as mild, moderate, or severe; however, in contrast to most severe injuries, a severe TBI can detrimentally affect an individual’s motor and cognitive functioning (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007; CDC, 2010). Children and adolescents sustain approximately half of all diagnosed traumatic brain injuries (CDC, 2010). According to a literature review study conducted by registered nurse, Abelson-Mitchell (2007), adolescents, between 15 to 18 years of age, are the most vulnerable of obtaining a TBI. Such vulnerability has been linked to the continued development of the brain and the number of associated motor vehicle accidents and sport-related injuries (CDC, 2010). Within the last 20 years, the number of adolescents participating in high school sports has dramatically increased (Kerr, Collins, Fields, & Cornstock, 2010). Subsequently, the level of competition within high school sports has considerably increased as well, further causing a rise in aggression and physical contact among these young athletes (Kerr, Collins, Fields, & Cornstock, 2010). This exemplified culture surrounding high school athletics coupled with the developing brain of an adolescent, places high school athletes at an extremely high risk of sustaining a sever... ...2008). Management of traumatic brain injury: Nursing practice guidelines for cerebral perfusion and brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2) system. Pediatric Nursing, 34, 470—472. Ignatavicius, D. D., & Workman, L. M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care. Missouri: Saunders Elsevier. Kerr, Z. Y., Collins, C. L., Fields, S. K., & Cornstock, R. D. (2010). Epidemiology of player— Player contact injuries among US high school athletes, 2005—2009. Clinical Pediatrics, 50, 594—603. doi: 10.1177/0009922810390513. McNett, M. M., & Gianakis, A. (2010). Nursing interventions for critically ill traumatic brain injury patients. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 42, 71—77. Noble, K. A. (2010). Traumatic brain injury and increased intracranial pressure. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 25, 242—250. doi: 10.1016.j.jopan.2010.05.008.

Religious Freedom Pre 1700s Essay

America than in England. Of course this is just a brief explanation compared to the real essay. suggest you fill in the blanks with some support from wherever your source is. but for now i have to go write my own because its due tomorrow and its already very late. so good luck on the essay and hope this generally answered your question. Analyze the extent to which religious freedom existed in the British North America colonies prior to 1700. The New World was first established because many people in England did not agree with their religious and political ways of life. Most people in the northern colonieshad run from England due to having no religious freedom. The Puritans, Quakers, andvarious leaders created outbursts of reform to achieve freedom in New England. Each group had their own philosophy on how life should be lived. The Puritans were a group of English men who disagreed with how the Church of England was ran. The damned were allowed to sit with the saints, and the Puritans did not like this. The extreme Puritans were known as Separatists in England. Finally, these extreme Puritans left for the New World in 1620. The Puritans set up a way of government. It said, † the whole purpose of government was to enforce God’s laws. Only the Puritans, the only one’s eligible for church membership, could be freemen. The believers and nonbelievers had to pay taxes on the government–supported church. Jews and Atheists were killed because they did not believe in the divinity of Jesus. Chaotic services were how the Quaker sermons went. He didn’t hold back his comments and demanded very little. In the South most of the colonies were overwhelmed by the Protestants. They were offensive to the religious and political authorities. The Puritans banished her from the Bay Colony. Anne Hutchinson was another rebel who challenged the authority of the Puritan clergy. Roger Williams was a threat to the Puritan leaders. This included converted and non-converted New Englander’s. After many generations, religion was not at the top of the Puritans list. The northern colonies had religious freedom, but the Puritans forced their own religion on everyone else around them. Maryland ultimately guaranteed toleration for all Christians. They set the stage for our religious freedom today. † His followers were very liberal, and not accepted.

Christopher Columbus: Journey and Colonization

The letter reveals a sense of urgency and uncertainty in Columbus derived from the intimation between world powers over the Island of Espanola and the unknown direction the New World would take. Columbus' purpose in writing the formal letter is to explain to the â€Å"Most High and Mighty Sovereigns† what he considers pivotal in the settlement, extraction of gold, farming of land, and trade system of the Island of Espanola. Columbus' main concern, Spanish dominance in the New World, is clearly evident in the final paragraph, in which Columbus prays for â€Å"the increase of much greater states. The nature of Spanish presence In the Islands Is consequent to an RA of Immense competition between states over various colonies In Asia, Africa, and what would be known as America. For states Involved In colonization, such as England, Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands, colonies meant prosperity and power through vast riches, mostly gold: an increase in foreign commerce: and new ter ritory to utilize for farming and growth of Christianity.In these purposes there is a clear similarity between the values from the Renaissance and present-day values, in which governmental authority places large importance in the expansion and affluence of its rewriter. In the introduction to his points about colonization, Columbus displays a sense of respect and obedience towards Ferdinand and Isabella and requests support through reinforcement of colonists. Columbus misrepresents the new world as a group of islands, unaware of the much larger continents in which he had not yet arrived.In the Initial voyage, Columbus lands In the Caribbean thinking he has arrived In Asia, which Is why he names the Indians so. Despite his Incongruous concepts, Columbus' voyage proved vital to further colonization of the Americas. The mall body of the letter Is a set of thirteen points In which Columbus details the mall issues of colonizing the Island of Espanola and other islands, namely God, gold, and glory.The expansion of Christianity was highly important to Ferdinand and Isabella, who considered Christianity crucial to the national unity of the newly united Spanish kingdom in the Reconstruct period. Columbus states that the new world will be forcefully Christian and that the â€Å"conversion of Indians† shall be performed by â€Å"parish priests or friars†. Most of Columbus points refer to the extraction, processing, ownership, and trade of gold, the natural resource which most colonizers obsessed over.Columbus presents concerns such as â€Å"no one shall have liberty to collect gold In it except those who have taken out colonists' papers,† â€Å"that all gold shall be smelted Immediately,† and â€Å"there shall be a treasurer, with a clerk to assist him, who shall receive all gold belonging to your Highnesses. † The motive and obsession over gold Is consequential of its use as back-up value in currencies, fancy garments, competitive Expl orers were motivated to find gold by the â€Å"matter of the fifth,† which means that the explorers would be entitled to a certain amount of the riches derived from the land they discovered.To further expand on the importance of a successful trading system, Columbus explains another three points that refer to the stringent process of securing the gold. As most of the glory from colonization came from gold, the method of collection gold and shipping it to the motherland is very strict in order to prevent fraud. Parts of the process which Columbus proposes include â€Å"that it [gold] should all e placed in one chest with two locks, with their keys, and that the master of the vessel keep one key and some other person selected by the governor and treasurer keep the other. There is evidently a clear concern over the safety of the gold, which displays the main purpose of increasing affluence of the motherland. The colonization of the new world influenced an arms race between powe rful European states over the acquisition of gold and territory. Several states were exerting force over native people and exploiting the natural resources in a similar way the Spanish id in the Island of Espanola. Competition between powerful states is a centuries- long trend.Whether searching for gold or plotting the destruction of communism versus the destruction of capitalism in the mid-20th century, dominant states have a tendency to seek the greatest riches from their settlements and disregard the well- being of native peoples. In his letter, Columbus is successfully reactive to the desires of Ferdinand and Isabella and he satisfies their concerns that result from competition in order to pursue further exploration.

Health in America Professor Ramos Blog

Health in America Why is America one of the fattest countries? Obesity is an issue in America and everyday someone is dying from the effects of it. Diabetes, fatty liver disease, stroke and high blood pressure are all side effects of obesity. With all this bad food so easily accessible it is no wonder everyone is having health problems and struggling with weight. There are statistics that show the increasing rates of weight gain in America over the years and it could be to do with all the fast food restaurants that are everywhere in sight, educating youth on health and portion control. All these little changes can be inexpensive and easy to fix but very affective. If more people cared about our health and how it is affecting peoples everyday lives there would be a lot more happier, healthier, motivated people around, not to mention a longer life span. While exercising is very important the majority of a healthy life style is what we consume and use to fuel our bodies. With unhealthy habits all aroun d tempting us to make and decisions it can be hard to maintain a healthy lifestyle. America is so unhealthy because of all the fast food everywhere we look. At every corner there is a cheap fast food place with food that is easy to get. In an article in USA Today there are fourteen-thousand Mcdonalds in the country. With everyone being too busy or too lazy to cook, these places are an easy, go to place for a quick cheap meal. Fast food is also very addicting and leaves people wanting more because of the addictive ingredients such as unnecessary refined sugar that is in every item at a fast food place. I think there should be more healthy fast food places with less calorie options as well as the current existing ones offering more healthier options. The â€Å"healthy† options at a place like Mcdonalds such as their salad can have more calories than a cheeseburger if you look at the nutritional guides. So even some of the food being advertised as healthy are deceiving. This can lead to someone thinking they are eating healthy and being told that they are but in reality, they might as well have gotten a cheeseburger. I think there should be more places that offer real food with less added sugars. This would be one small action that would help with health and obesity in America. If more people had a better option for food it would be easier for the ones who do not have time to cook still get a nice, healthy meal. Another thing people do not realize are the ingredients and chemicals added in food. If you cannot read the name of an ingredient why would we consume it? I think this should start with teaching kids when they are young. If kids are aware from a young age about different ingredients and what is good and bad, they will make smarter decisions in the future. There are a lot of different fillers and added chemicals that do not need to be added to food and can be avoided and if people were more aware of what they are putting in their bodies. Kids are like a sponge and soak up all the information they can get, just for school to start informing and making an effort to make health and obesity more aware it can stick with them for life. Just by being aware of what you are eating and putting into your body will help cut down obesity rates and it is better to enforce these habits into young kids before they run into health prpoblme int the future. Another thing is portion control, everyone is overeating and just filling their bodies with too much food. Too much food equals too many calories, and too many calories for a single person equals weight gain which is why counting calorie is so common. But for the people that chose to eat out all the time this can be dangerous. This is an issue with restaurants, the portion sizes are huge and people feel obligated to eat it since it is right in front of them. I think restaurants should start by cutting down on the portion sizes so people are not forced to overeat. â€Å"The consumption of large portions can, however, decrease overall energy intake if the food has a low energy density.† (â€Å"the Supersizing of America†). This quote from an article is stating that the bigger the portion the less energy people tend to have which can lead to a less active lifestyle. Restaurants should serve smaller food portions for the sake of the consumers health and it would also ben efit the restaurants by saving more money. Overall, obesity can be life threating and is a real issue and people can help avoid it by making small changes. If there were a few healthier fast food places or if they stopped lying about their healthy options the everyone would have a fast-healthy meal to choose. There are cheap and alternate routes to getting a greasy burger and fries for every meal and those options should be just as accessible and actually healthy. Another solution to help with the obesity rates and save someone from all the damages of obesity is to teach children while they are young. We teach kids math and English everyday but from unhealthy habits they might not live long enough to use all those skills. All it takes is to plant a seed of information in their brain and they will have that thought in the back of their minds forever which can help with smarter decisions. The last option I have chosen are restaurants cutting down on portions. Food is very tempting and a big pound of it sitting on your plate is a nightmare for over eating. If all the things changed America can become healthier and not one of the fattest countries in the world.

Quotes From Ayn Rands Atlas Shrugged

Quotes From Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged Atlas Shrugged, by Ayn Rand, is a philosophical novel. The theme (according to Rand) is  the role of mans mind in existence. Published in 1957, its a dystopian novel, centering around Dagny Taggart. Here are popular quotes from the novel. It was the joy of admiration and of ones own ability, growing together.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 3 He was a man who had never accepted the creed that others had the right to stop him.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 3 Against whom is any union organized?-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 4 This was reality, she thought, this sense of clear outlines, of purpose, of lightness, of hope.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 4 If ones actions are honest, one does not need the predated confidence of others, only their rational perception.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 6 I never believed that story. I thought by the time the sun was exhausted, men would find a substitute.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 This was the great clarity of being beyond emotion, after the reward of having felt everything one could feel.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Now she was free for the simplest, most commonplace concerns of the moment, because nothing could be meaningless within her sight.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 It was useless to argue, she thought, and to wonder about people who would neither refute an argument nor accept it.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Mr. Ward, what is it that the foulest bastards on earth denounce us for, among other things? Oh yes, for our motto of Business as usual. Well- business as usual, Mr. Ward!-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Thought- he told himself quietly- is a weapon one uses in order to act... Thought is the tool by which one makes a choice... Thought sets ones purpose and the way to reach it.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 It was the greatest sensation of existence: not to trust, but to know.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 8 Dont ever get angry at a man for stating the truth.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 He knew no weapons but to pay for what he wanted, to give value, to ask nothing of nature without trading his effort in return, to ask nothing of men without trading the product of his effort.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 By the essence and nature of existence, contradictions cannot exist.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 There might be some sort of justification for the savage societies in which a man had to expect that enemies could murder him at any moment and had to defend himself as best he could. But there can be no justification for a society in which a man is expected to manufacture the weapons for his own murderers.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 1 Money is a tool of exchange, which cant exist unless there are goods produced and men able to produce them. Money is the material shape of the principle that men who wish to deal with one another must deal by trade and give value for value.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 Wealth is the product of mans capacity to think.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 There are no evil thoughts except one: the refusal to think.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 Love is our response to our highest values - and can be nothing else.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 4 Only the man who extols the purity of a love devoid of desire, is capable of the depravity of a desire devoid of love.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 4 When one acts on pity against justice, it is the good whom one punishes for the sake of the evil; when one saves the guilty from suffering, it is the innocent whom one ​forces to suffer.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 6 You do not have to depend on any material possessions, they depend on you, you create them, you own the one and only tool of production.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 8 They told us that this plan would achieve a noble ideal. Well, how were we to know otherwise? Hadnt we heard it all our lives- from our parents and our schoolteachers and our ministers, and in every newspaper we ever read and every movie and every public speech?-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 10 She felt suddenly as if nothing existed beyond that circle, and she wondered at the joyous, proud comfort to be found in a sense of the finite, in the knowledge that the field of ones concern lay within the realm of ones sight.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Whats wealth but the means of expanding ones life? Theres two ways one can do it: either by producing more or by producing it faster.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 What greater wealth is there than to own your life and to spend it on growing? Every living thing must grow. It cant stand still. It must grow or perish.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Any man whos afraid of hiring the best ability he can find, is a cheat whos in a business where he doesnt belong.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Through all the centuries of the worship of the mindless, whatever stagnation humanity chose to endure, whatever brutality to practice–it was only by the grace of the men who perceived that wheat must have water in order to grow, that stones laid in a curve will form an arch, that two and two make four, that love is not served by torture and life is not fed by destruction–only by the grace of those men did the rest of them learn to experience moments when they caught the spark of being human.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 When nothing seems worth the effort–said some stern voice in her mind–its a screen to hide a wish thats worth too much; what do you want?-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Theres only one passion in most artists more violent than their desire for admiration: their fear of identifying the nature of such admiration as they do receive.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Whether its a symphony or a  coal mine, all work is an act of creating and comes from the same source: from an inviolate capacity to see through ones own eyes–which means: the capacity to perform a rational identification–which means: the capacity to see, to connect and to make what had not been seen, connected and made before.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Every man builds his world in his own image... He has the power to choose, but no power to escape the necessity of choice.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 No ones happiness but my own is in my power to achieve or to destroy.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 If you are not convinced, ignore our certainty. Dont be tempted to substitute our judgment for your own.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 She was seeing the brand of pain and fear on the faces of people, and the look of evasion that refuses to know it–they seemed to be going through the motions of some enormous pretense, acting out a ritual to ward off reality, letting the earth remain unseen and their lives unlived, in dread of something namelessly forbidden–yet the forbidden was the simple act of looking at the nature of their pain and questioning their duty to bear it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 People think that a liar gains a victory over his victim. What Ive learned is that a lie is an act of self-abdication, because one surrenders ones reality to the person to whom one lies, making that person ones master, comdemning oneself from then on to faking the sort of reality that persons view requires to be faked.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 You dont have to see through the eyes of others, hold onto yours, stand on your own judgment, you know that what is, is–say it aloud, like the holiest of prayers, and dont let anyone tell you otherwise.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 4 The only guilt of the victims, he thought, had been that they accepted it as guilt.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 5 It was a sense of extreme precision and of relaxation, together, a sense of action without strain, which seemed inexplicably youthful–until he realized that this was the way he had acted and had expected always to act, in his youth and what he now felt was like the simple, astonished question: Why should one ever have to act in any other manner?-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 6 From the first catch-phrases flung at a child to the last, it is like a series of shocks to freeze his motor, to undercut the power of his consciousness. Dont ask so many questions, children should be seen and not heard!–Who are you to think? Its so, because I say so!–Dont argue, obey!–Dont try to understand, believe!–Dont rebel, adjust!–Dont stand out, belong!–Dont struggle, compromise!–Your heart is more important than your mind!–Who are you to know? Your parents know best!–Who are you to know? Society knows best!–Who are you to know? The bureaucrats know best!–Who are you to object? All values are relative!–Who are you to want to escape a thugs bullet? Thats only a personal prejudice!-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 6 Man has no automatic code of survival. His particular distinction from all other living species is the necessity to act in the face of alternatives by means of volitional choice.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Man has to be a man–by choice; he has to hold his life as a value–by choice; he has to learn to sustain it–by choice; he has to discover the values it requires and practice his virtues by choice. A code of values accepted by choice is a code of morality.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 By the grace of reality and the nature of life, man–every man–is an end in himself, he exists for his own sake, and the achievement of his own happiness is his highest moral purpose.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Truth is the recognition of reality; reason, mans only means of knowledge, is his only standard of truth.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Your mind is your only judge of truth–and if others  dissent  from your verdict, reality is the court of final appeal.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The moral is the chosen, not the forced; the understood, not the obeyed. The moral is the rational, and reason accepts no commandments.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Emotions are inherent in your nature, but their content is dictated by your mind. Your emotional capacity is an empty motor, and your values are the fuel with which your mind fills it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The symbol of all relationships among such men, the moral symbol of respect for human beings, is the trader. We, who live by values, not by loot, are traders, both in matter and in spirit. A trader is a man who earns what he gets and does not give or take the undeserved.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Whoever, to whatever purpose or extent, initiates the use of force, is a killer acting on the premise of death in a manner wider than murder: the premise of destroying mans capacity to live.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 A morality that holds need as a claim, holds emptiness–non-existence–as its standard of value; it rewards an absence, a defect: weakness, inability, incompetence, suffering, disease, disaster, the lack, the fault, the flaw–the zero.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 To love is to value.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Love is the expression of ones values, the greatest reward you can earn for the moral qualities you have achieved in your character and person, the emotional price paid by one man for the joy he receives from the virtues of another.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Public welfare is the welfare of those who do not earn it; those who do, are entitled to no welfare.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The man who refuses to judge, who neither agrees nor disagrees, who declares that there are no absolutes and believes that he escapes responsibility, is the man responsible for all the blood that is now spilled in the world.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 In any compromise between food and poison, it is only death that can win. In any compromise between good and evil, it is only evil that can profit.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Every form of causeless self-doubt, every feeling of inferiority and secret unworthiness is, in fact, mans hidden dread of his inability to deal with existence.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 To fear to face an issue is to believe that the worst is true.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 All property and all forms of wealth are produced by mans mind and labor.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The only proper functions of a government are: the police, to protect you from criminals; the army, to protect you from foreign invaders; and the courts, to protect your property and contracts from breach or fraud by others, to settle disputes by rational rules, according to objective law.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Every man is free to rise as far as hes able or willing, but its only the degree to which he thinks that determines the degree to which hell rise.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The evil of the world is made possible by nothing but the sanction you give it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 All life is a purposeful struggle, and your only choice is the choice of a goal.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Fight for the value of your person. Fight for the virtue of your pride. Fight for the essence of that which is man: for his sovereign rational mind. Fight with the radiant certainty and the absolute rectitude of knowing that yours is the Morality of Life and that yours is the battle for any achievement, any value, any grandeur, any goodness, any joy that has ever existed on this earth.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 When you force a man to act against his own choice and judgment, its his thinking that you want him to suspend.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7

Two reading reports Wawasan2020and The Case for conta mination Essay

Two reading reports Wawasan2020and The Case for conta mination - Essay Example Malaysia is a country that competes with other countries like the Philippines and Singapore in terms of grabbing more foreign semiconductor projects. For the Malaysia to be able to win semiconductors contracts, Malaysian government is challenged not only to improve the technical know-how of the Malays in terms of manufacturing high-quality semiconductors but also provide the foreign investors with special government protection that could make the business and political environment attractive to foreign investors (Greider, p. 162). Since Malaysia needs to increase technology transfer, Malaysia government protects and makes the export of semi-conductors attractive by offering the semiconductor industry with lengthy holidays from paying taxes, strictly prohibits the formation of independent unions, and maintaining low employee wages (Greider, pp. 164 – 165). This strategy will encourage technology transfer by inviting more foreign investors with more sophisticated technologies to invest in Malaysia. I strongly agree that the use of good government intervention could enable each country to remain competitive in the global markets. By attracting more foreign investors, the socio-economic problems such as the high unemployment rate in developed and developing countries can be easily solved. â€Å"The Case for Contamination† is an article that focused on discussing the potential impact of globalization over the culture and beliefs of the Ghanaians. Because of globalization and improvements in communication technology, it is so much easier for a person to travel to other countries and adapt the culture of another nation. In line with this, the president of Ghana has travelled to different places including Oxford University in the United States and London in the United Kingdom where he became one of the Inns of Court (Appaih a). Promoting the importance of cultural diversity between developed and

Christlogical review of the movies Jesus Christ Superstar and Godspell Essay

Christlogical review of the movies Jesus Christ Superstar and Godspell - Essay Example In this book it was described â€Å"how the Christian church dares appeal to a Jesus who never existed, to a mandate he never issued, and to a claim that he was God’s son, whom he never presumed for himself†. As Christianity began to spread from its original home and started spreading beyond Judaism into the Hellenistic world of the great Roman Empire, the main challenge became finding a way to express its faith in the thought categories of the Greco-Roman world. Gradually, Hellenistic philosophy proved to be helpful in this context but at the same time it represented a threat as it was a language of a very different culture. The greatest challenge confronted by church at this time was to adopt a new philosophical culture without simply â€Å"Hellenizing† its faith (Rausch, â€Å"Who is Jesus?: An introduction to Christology†). Since the inception of cinema as a medium of art many great movies were made that relates historical Jesus with our daily life. Two such all time great movies are ‘Godspell’ and ‘Jesus Christ Superstar’, that to a great extent emerges as a true weapon for the quest of real and true historical Jesus behind the gospels and the doctrines of church. Cinema is a strong medium to reach a lot of people at once. This paper presents the discourse that Jesus is everyman and how the impact of this saint can be felt through these movies. The directors of the movies through their plot, character presentation and setting displays that by deviating biblical facts, they actually bring Jesus close to common man and thereby his magic can be felt more strongly which can be perceived through the Christological review of both the films. Released in 1973, the film ‘Godspell’ is based on the Off-Broadway musical Godspell of John Michael Tebelak. With the backdrop of modern New York along with its excellent star cast, the film received positive response both from critics as well as general

Organizational culture Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

Organizational culture - Dissertation Example The research also studied the past researches and studies on the subject. According to one study of global consulting firm, KPMG ( can be accessed at:http://www.imaa-institute.org/docs/m&a/kpmg_01_Unlocking%20Shareholder%20Value%20-%20The%20Keys%20to%20Success.pdf) (what is a KPMG Study?), 83% of all mergers and acquisitions failed to create shareholder value and 50% of them actually ended up destroying shareholder value. The majority of these mergers and acquisitions failed because of cultural and people differences. Kraft paid a very good price for the acquisition of Cadbury. It didn’t overpay and considering the worth of the Cadbury brand in its portfolio, it can be said that the deal was a very good bargain for Kraft. Kraft also believes that it will realize synergies or cost savings of $ 675 million annually by the end of the third year. It also wanted Cadbury because of its high market share in the high growth markets of emerging economies like India and Latin America. C adbury enjoys a strong presence in these markets because it entered these markets much before they started emerging. It enjoys a kind of first mover advantage in markets like India. (expand on this). According to the Boston Consulting Group Matrix analysis, Cadbury is a star in emerging markets like India and Latin America i.e. it has a high market share in a market that has a very high growth rate. The likelihood that this acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft will succeed is high. This likelihood will, however, depend on the ability of Kraft to achieve the most important critical factor of success which is the successful integration of the organizational culture of the two companies. The Human Resources... Kraft paid a very good price for the acquisition of Cadbury. It didn’t overpay and considering the worth of the Cadbury brand in its portfolio, it can be said that the deal was a very good bargain for Kraft.Kraft also believes that it will realize synergies or cost savings of $ 675 million annually by the end of the third year. It also wanted Cadbury because of its high market share in the high growth markets of emerging economies like India and Latin America. Cadbury enjoys a strong presence in these markets because it entered these markets much before they started emerging. It enjoys a kind of first mover advantage in markets like India. According to the Boston Consulting Group Matrix analysis, Cadbury is a star in emerging markets like India and Latin America.The likelihood that this acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft will succeed is high. This likelihood will, however, depend on the ability of Kraft to achieve the most important critical factor of success which is the success ful integration of the organizational culture of the two companies. The Human Resources Management will play a very critical role in this.As has been already recommended, the strategy of the management and Human Resources management should create such conditions where the two much different cultures of Cadbury and Kraft can productively coexist. Cadbury has a very strong organizational culture of its own. Any attempt by Kraft to impose its culture on this organizational culture of Cadbury may have disastrous results.

Role of a Customer Champion

Role of a Customer Champion Key role of marketing is to act as customer champion to the organization. There are two highlight points in this argument, one is if organizations have to act as customer champions among all the other orientations that they can choose, and the other one is if it is the role of marketers in each organization to be the customer champion between other alternative positions. Marketers roles in an organization Marketers role by the time: Pull/push method: Since 1950, marketing has been on a push/pull model that the manufacturer designs a product to fulfill a need and then persuades the customer to buy that product by advertisements, promotions and different kinds of distribution tactics. Customer-centricity: the next level of marketers role in organizations with more involvement of customers. Customer advocacy: a new era in marketing in which marketer is the customers advocate.(Urban, 2005) The marketers role has significantly changed during the past years, for example the development of social media, made the marketers role more strategic and complicated. Considering the history of business, it shows that marketing has played a role in even the simplest early businesses.(burrow, 2009) In marketing, there are metrics that relate to customer satisfaction: advocacy, loyalty, margin, market share and the rest. Marketers main jobs are creating a marketing plan that ensures the metrics are on the right track, and engaging and supporting everyone across the business to ensure delivery. In other words, their role is to create the future and deliver it today. We all know that marketing is about more than creating the advertisements. (Gooding, 2006) New products and services require marketing, in order to find and build relationships with different types of customers, to speak to them in an innovative way and sometimes reach them through different channels. Marketers have to connect with mass-market consumers and help them to imagine how this new product would enhance their life. It is not a small task. (Kelley, 2010) They should also be involved in product development, and since they are the closest to customers opinion, it is their responsibility to share new ideas to match the companys offer to the customers needs and wants. ( Asis, 2003)Most fundamentally, marketers must bring the outside-in perspective to balance, and often lead the inside-out aspects of business.(Fisk, 2006) Different approaches Product-orientation: the companys knowledge about its customers is often vague and general. The customers segmentation is not very precise, and since the company cannot predict the customers behavior accurately, the strategic objectives of the firm are also unclear.(Matheson, 2006) Customer-centricity: is the orientation of a company to the needs and behaviors of its customers, rather than the internal drivers, like quest for short-term profit. (Landy, 2010)From this basic strategic difference other different organizational features flow. These are the two extremes, but different strategies in every organization will result in different degrees of customer-centricity. Nokia is a good example of a hybrid structure of products and customers. It moved from a product-centric company to one that is still product-centric, but also has added a customer-centric component.(Galbraith, 2002) Knowing which type of marketing organization exists within a company is crucial. Every organization has to ensure that their type of marketing organization actually fits what the company is trying to do. (Mitchel, 2006) Market and customers changes Customers today are more different and individual, more intelligent and difficult than ever, while 100 years ago, a new car buyer would be more than happy to buy a Ford Model T, a model that hardly changed in decades, in any color as long as its black. (Fisk, 2006) Thanks to new media, Facebook, Twitter, Google, YouTube, eBay, Amazon and etc. customers now have an unlimited access to information about a company, its products, customer reviews, seller rating and almost whatever they want to know in no time. There are no time and place barriers any more. No matter where the customers are, they can buy from everywhere. Therefore the old methods of marketing are much less effective now customers can easily find competing products and compare them in order to find the best product at the lowest price. With the simple and visible star ratings, even they do not have to bother themselves reading through lots of comments.(Urban, 2005)So in such a market it is almost impossible to survive without transparency. Although among all these approaches in the 21st century customer-centricity is the most popular and successful one but there is an exceeding tactic with almost the same basic principals called customer champion. Definition of customer champion: Advocate for your customers and they will advocate for you. It is a two-way relationship between the company and its customers for a common benefit of both. (Urban, 2005)In very simple words they become a trusted resource and partner. They build trust and respect. Customer champions believe that when you focus on the relationship rather than the business, business will come. (OBrien, 2010). The whole concept is to motivate some changes in the organizations approach toward customer-centric strategy in order to meet new changes, in which customers are in power, they have various needs, their own independent means to research the market and more bargaining power. Also they are now more individualistic.(Fisk, 2006) This approach is mostly based on representing the customers interest by providing them complete and unbiased information, always be there for them and give them some advice on which product is the best, even with comparing with competitors. This kind of partnership leads to a long-term loyalty.( Urban, 2005) Besides having the skills in customer-centricity, using revolutionary tools to gain value from customer conversations is one of the must dos in order to be a customer champion. It can be achievable by seeing things through the eyes of the customers and serve them as a dedicated consultant. It sounds more like a slogan rather than a strategy, to bring the voice of the customer to the centre of the business, but by utilizing certain skills it will be possible.(Newby, 2010) By being transparent they have to tell the truth to the customer. Therefore considering the quality of the products or services becomes very important. They should be good -not necessarily the best- in quality to eventually win the customers and maintain them for a reasonably long time.(Urban, 2005) Why customer champion The markets change, the economy changes, customers change. If we are not in alignment with the voice of the customer, and if we are not nimble or humble enough to make the changes, we are not there.(Mainz, 2010) Successful examples in the market like Tesco, PG, IBM and lots of other businesses illustrate the effect of changing the organizations approach with the flow of the super quick changing market. Tesco is the market-leader supermarket in the UK, with a significant presence in Eastern Europe and South-east Asia. They think of marketing as looking after their customers. Actually their core purpose is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. They do this by responding to the different and constantly changing needs of all of their customers to deliver what they want, when they want. (Dibb and Simkin, 2006)And this is their secret for such a big success. In IBM even the bonuses are based on customer satisfaction. In addition to the fact that others experiences are promising, there is another reason for organizations that encourage them to go for being a customer champion and it is the image. Some companies believe that it can build brand image and customer loyalty and at the end it results in delight the customers and increase revenue. It can be a differentiation value for the organization in market.(Gunn, 2010) Marketers as customer champions Customer champions may have different jobs and responsibilities, but they share a common passion for the customer. Customer satisfaction and positive feedbacks are satisfying result for them.(Collins, 2009) The customer champion may live on the edge of the organization. By having a constant contact with the customers, they can understand their needs, become familiar with their actions and behaviors. (Kelley, 2010) The marketing people should take the lead in this way, because they are best placed to act as both the voice of the customer and an effective part of business plan. (Gooding, 2006) And also regarding to the nature of the marketing -mostly interaction and communication with customers- it makes more sense to think about marketers as the customer champions. Possible solutions As it is mentioned before the push/pull method has been the core of marketing for the past 50 years. Actually it was a solution to economics of mass production. But now with more powerful and wiser customers, the time pressure of the modern life and new technologies, this method does not work anymore. It may result in a short term winning in the sales but undoubtedly will end in losing the customers. They also can choose to continue with customer-centricity approach, which was urged by the saturation of push/pull marketing and also intense competitive market especially around quality and price. This is the approach of many leading companies in recent years. By emphasizing on customer satisfaction criteria, creating consistency in customer interactions, trying to satisfy the customer with higher quality products and with more customized services. They try to use one-to-one marketing and understand each customer and then deliver a consistent service to that customer. It seems an effective way and customers may like this one-to-one connection, but the problem is the huge amount of data, which companies are getting from CRM programs. (Urban, 2005)They keep receiving feedbacks from customers but most of the times they do not take these feedbacks into account for the upcoming steps. These feedbacks are data, and data is not information, information is not knowledge, and knowledge is no t insight. Insight is more profound.(Fisk, 2006) In fact considering the results, for most of the companies, CRM is just an improved way of pull/push marketing. As mentioned above The third way that they can follow is customer advocacy approach, being a loyal representative of customers interests and provide them with open, honest and thorough information. They have to simply reflect the reality, because customers now have the ability to find out the truth. (Urban, 2005) Conclusion Accepting this concept as a leading approach in the organization and the translation of customer champion from words to action is a tricky job; it requires lots of care, knowledge and skills. It also needs a crystal clear visioning. As technology advances and consumers become more knowledgeable, selling a product will increasingly demand a well-defined target segment and thorough understanding of customer needs, interests and frustrations. And it just can be achieved by the relationship, which is defined as customer champions.(Fisk, 2006) The point is that marketers as a customer champion would result in satisfied customers but not necessarily every happy customer is a result of a customer advocate marketer. Customer advocacy is the right way to do marketing; it is honest, open, and ethical. It can be a difficult decision to make as well, since it may result in short-term losses. But by committing to customers this approach is an easy and long-term decision; in long-term perspective businesses in the front line are the winners. Customers trust them and it will be very difficult for the competitors to change the customers mind and persuade them to switch to a new manufacturer. (Urban, 2005) By taking this approach, based on the information that companies can get from the customers, products and services will improve. As a result sales will increase and the company can produce more efficiently and costs can decline. But the problem is how to use this knowledge.(Burrow, 2008) I think in todays extremely competitive market, organizations cannot just compete on price and product. They have to deliver a great customer experience and build an extra ordinary trust among customers. The penalty for not doing so is greater than ever since consumers will complain on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter.(Caballero, 2009) It is the matter of how to implement it. By doing it correctly, the organizations can gain huge opportunities that competitors can never touch.

Essay --

First Aid is the initial care for an illness or injury. First Aid is usually performed in emergency situations by a non-professional person. First Aid can be performed on animals although it is generally meant for the care of humans. Going back to the beginning of the practice of First Aid, it was first practiced by the religious knights in the Eleventh Century. Care was provided to the Pilgrims and Knights as well as training on how to care for common battle wounds. Aid came to a halt during the High Middle Ages and organizations were not seen again until 1859. A few years later, a few nations met in Geneva and formed what we know to be the Red Cross. The main purpose of the Red Cross was to give Aid to the sick and wounded soldiers during battle. In 1878, the formation of St. John Ambulance was put into effect. The ambulance was generally for aid to people in emergencies. Large railway centers, mining districts and police forces were the first to pair with ambulances. A lso in 1878 the concept of teaching First Aid to civilians was announced. Surgeon-Major Peter Shepherd and Dr. Coleman performed the first First Aid class with a curriculum that they had formed. First Aid training began to grow in the UK with high risk activities. There are three major aims of First Aid. The first major aim is obviously to preserve a person’s life. Throughout medical care institutions, the main aim is to save lives and minimize the threat of death. The second major aim of First Aid is to prevent further harm to patients. The aim is to keep the injury from worsening. An example of this would be applying pressure to a wound to stop bleeding from becoming dangerous. The third and final major aim of First Aid is to promote reco... ...ause it can cause harm to the infant’s lungs. If an infant requires shock, one pad goes on the front and one pad goes on the back. You should keep performing CPR until EMS arrives. If you begin CPR you cannot quit until they arrive, you have already committed to that victim. In some situations with and AED you need to take precautions to make them work properly. If a person is very sweaty or wet, you need to wipe them off because the AED will not work properly. If a person has a hairy chest, you should apply pads and rip the hair off and then apply new pads. Some people have chest piercings now so if you notice these you should remove them or leave them in if you cannot remove them or you do not have enough time. Piercings in the chest can cause a person’s chest to be burned severely since the AED is delivering an electric shock and the jewelry is metal.

Power-Influence Approach

The power-influence approach in studying leadership examines the influences leaders exert over others, whether these individuals are subordinates, colleagues, or even the leader’s manager. Yuki (2010) writes, â€Å"This research seeks to explain leadership effectiveness in terms of the amount and type of power possessed by a leader and how power is exercised† (p. 14). Power-influence leadership assumes the cause and effect relationship between leaders and followers only flows from management to subordinate (Yuki, 2010, p. 14).For example, a manager instructs his employee to pay an invoice, and the employee does as told, or employees attend an ethics seminar because the executives mandate it. Exercising power-influence can ensure adherence to internal policies like safety, dress codes, and hours of employment. It can also ensure adherence to federal laws like the provisions in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The power-influence leadership approach enables a leader to influence t he behaviors and attitudes of followers (Yuki, 2010, p. 14). It is effective in managing and accomplishing tasks as a leader gives instructions that other follow.Power-influence can sway people’s thoughts and opinions, which can be beneficial in terms of innovative ideas and more efficient methods of operations. It is especially effective for those who resist change even if it will lead to progress. The power-influence method of leadership has its drawbacks as well. Some individuals use force and intimidation to accomplish certain objectives. They may use their title or position to pressure others to comply, and even though employees may obey at first, such coercion eventually leads to resistance and the undermining of authority (Alyn, 2009).For example, a manager may tell a direct report that if he does not complete a given stack of work, his quarterly review will reflect it. This is a drastic example of the negative effect of power-influence, but it does well to demonstrate how a manager can use coercion as a source of â€Å"motivation. † Using power to accomplish activities in an organization is a common practice among managers and executives. In fact, prior to 2011, management at Jack in the Box, Inc. depended on the power-influence approach to complete objectives.The organization believed employees required specific instruction, so management influenced subordinates and coworkers through the use of power. It is important to note that few individuals abused this power, but as the nature of the business changed, so did its leadership approach.In 2011, the executives of Jack in the Box worked to change the company’s culture from one of power to one that focused on individual roles, achievements, and support. Management encouraged employees to share ideas, to question and challenge methods of operation, and to take initiative and responsibility for one’s work.The â€Å"you do what I say† mentality was not the attitude the ex ecutives wanted management to express or employees to feel. Instead, the company wanted to nurture leaders to make the organization stronger and more cohesive.Power and one-directional instruction from management to subordinates prevented innovative opportunities and fresher ways of thinking, which ultimately inhibited the company’s possibilities. The new culture placed management and direct reports on more level ground, and the open communication instilled trust and a sense of unity among employees of all levels.The power-influence approach in studying leadership examines the role that power plays in influencing others’ actions, attitudes, and beliefs. Its use can have both positive and negative effects in the workplace, depending on the leader’s intentions.â€Å"Power is viewed as important not only for influencing subordinates, but also for influencing peers, superiors, and people outside the organization, such as clients and suppliers† (Yuki, 2010, p. 14). It is important for leaders to remember that others look to them for instruction, inspiration, and direction. With such power come certain responsibilities and expectations not to abuse it.

Bio 101 Review Questions

Review Questions 1. The organic molecule produced directly by photosynthesis is b) sugar 2. The photosynthetic process removes E) carbon dioxide from the environment. 3. The process of splitting water to release hydrogen and electrons occurs during the _____ process. a) light dependent 4. The process of fixing carbon dioxide into carbohydrates occurs in the ____ process. b) light independent. 5. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through b) stomata. 6. The cellular transport process by which carbon dioxide enters a leaf (and by which water vapor and oxygen exit) is ___. ) Diffusion 7. Which of the following creatures would not be an autotroph? c) fish 8. The process by which most of the world's autotrophs make their food is known as ____. b) Photosynthesis 9. The process of ___ is how ADP + P are converted into ATP during the Light dependent process. c) chemiosmosis 10. Once ATP is converted into ADP + P, it must be ____. b) recharged by chemiosmosis 11. Generally speaking, the longer th e wave lenght of light, the ___ available energy of that light. a) smaller 12.The section of the electromagnetic spectrum used for photosynthesis is ___. d) visible light 13. The colors of light in the visible range (from longest wavelength to shortest) is ___. a) ROYGBIV 14. The photosynthetic pigment that is essential for the process to occur is ___. a) chlorophyll 15. When a pigment reflects red light, _____. d) red light is reflected, all others are absorbed 16. Chlorophyll a absorbs light energy in the ____color range. e) b and c 17. A photosystem is ___. b) a collection of photosynthetic pigments arranged in a thylakjoid membrane. 8. The individual flattened stacks of membrane material inside the chloroplast are known as ___. c) thylakoids. 19. The fluid-filled area of the chloroplast is the ___. b) stroma 20. The chloroplast contains all of these except ___. e) endoplasmic reticulum 21. The chloroplasts of plants are most close in size to __. d) bacteria in the human mouth 22 . Which of these photosynthetic organisms does not have a chloroplast? c) cyanobacteria 23. The photoelectric effect refers to ____. c) emission of electrons from a metal when struck by any wavelength of light. 24.Light of the green wavelengths is commonly absorbed by which accessory pigment? b) chlorophyll b 25. The function of the electron transport proteins in the thyakoid membranes is ___. c) Pumping of hydrogen into the thylakoid space for later generation of ATP by chemiosmosis. 26. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell because ____. a) ATP is the most readily usable form of energy for cells. 27. Both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation produce ATP. We can infer that the purpose of ATP in photosynthesis is to c) supply energy that can be used to form a carbohydrate. 8. The role of NADPH in oxygen-producing photosynthesis is to ____. b) supply carbon to the carbohydrate 29. The dark reactions require all of these chemicals to proceed except ___. e) oxygen 30. Th e first stable chemical formed by the Calvin Cycle is _____. c ) PGA 31. The hydrogen in the carbohydrate produced by the Calvin Cycle comes from ___ b) NADPH 32. The carbon incorporated into the carbohydrate comes from ___. c) carbon dioxide 33. C-4 photosynthesis is so named because _____. b) it produces a four carbon compound as the first stable products of photosynthesis.